
Round one
Josh Richard leaves his house only twice a month.
No, he’s not under house arrest. No, he’s not allergic to the sun. And no, he doesn’t hide in his shower beneath 12 pillows holding a flashlight reading the Bible in preparation for an impending apocalypse.
Josh Richard doesn’t go outside because he wears gloves.
Richard buys six to seven boxes of medical latex gloves per month. Each box contains 100 gloves. Richard wears 700 gloves per month because he fears touching anything other than his toiletries or computer without them.
“If you consider the social norms, and what’s accepted socially, you can’t exactly go outside wearing medical gloves,” Richard said. “When I’m out and about without wearing any gloves, I come home and I wash my hands for, to be quite honest, it would probably be in the range of 45 minutes.”
Richard has multiple obsessive behaviors — germ phobia, also known as washer and cleaner OCD, and obsessional OCD, in which he thinks something bad will happen to his family if he does not perform his rituals precisely.
Aside from washing his hands with antibacterial dishwashing liquid, which according to his OCD is good enough for his hands because it is good enough for dirty dishes, a 34-ounce family-size bottle of hand sanitizer is commonplace in his life.
But no soap or hand sanitizer could protect him from what happened in 2009. Richard’s germ phobia began contaminating every aspect of his life:
Richard would leave his room with one goal — go to the bathroom. It took Richard one hour to walk 50 feet across the house in fear of bumping into things and becoming contaminated.
With a misleading depth perception and a waving gloved hand in front of his body, each step to the bathroom was a journey in itself. His natural instinct was now an exhausting and emotionally draining task.
“Eventually, I couldn’t do it anymore,” Richard said. “I was so afraid of leaving my room that I began urinating in my trashcan and defecating in boxes. And, of course, this attracts hoards of flies, and that would make me even worse because I’d know where those flies had been.”
Paradoxically, Richard couldn’t clean up for himself out of fear of becoming contaminated by the trash. Eventually, trash grew until Richard was knee deep in piles he hated contributing to but could do nothing about.
Richard lived like this for four months. He was debilitated.
“There was one point where I didn’t take my gloves off for several months at a time,” Richard said. “I would have layers and layers (on), about 10 or 20 on each hand.”
Richard hasn’t worked since 2007. He first stopped working due to the slumping economy, but now he receives an $800 disability pension every month from the government because of his OCD. While his germ phobia seems debilitating, it is his obsessional OCD that plagues him the most.
Over a period of six months, Richard lost three close family members. From these tragedies came his obsessive behavior he associates with scrupulosity, or guilt associated with moral or religious issues. He fears that his OCD lets his thoughts be heard by his deceased family.
“I started to get these nasty, intrusive thoughts,” Richard said. “I (kept) trying to push them out because I’m thinking, ‘Oh my God, what if they hear me? What if they think I’m saying this stuff?’”
Richard describes these thoughts as violent, sometimes sexual, but all seemingly undesirable. In order to prevent these intrusive thoughts from being “heard,” Richard said he performs rituals through praying. The thoughts are so powerful that Richard must argue out loud with his OCD during his ritual to reassure himself that these thoughts are not his, but they belong to the OCD.
For Richard, these meddling thoughts provoke a fear of closing things — doors, cabinets, faucets, lids.
“The OCD tries to tell me that if I don’t ward off the OCD or the intrusive thoughts [and] if I shut those things then my family is going to get trapped in whatever location that is,” Richard said. “The anxiety and guilt if you don’t do that is maddening.”
Weigh In
“Everyone goes through (OCD),” said Jill P. Hauenstein, M.D., private practice psychiatrist. “It is a stage of life and because it is a stage of life, there is a purpose for it. We don’t experience anything in our development that we don’t have a need for later in our lives. Kids collect things, they hoard things, they collect sea shells or a certain kind of toy. They will focus on one particular thing. They will have a collection of hundreds of these things and then, two years later, they don’t care about them at all.”
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) defines an obsession as a frequent upsetting thought and a compulsion as a ritual performed to control such thoughts. Together, obsessions and compulsions create a disease often debilitating and life-consuming.
“It interferes with your life in that you can’t even have a normal life,” Hauenstein said. “Such that you have to wash so many times, or dress yourself, redress yourself, redress yourself until you get it right so then you can’t get to work on time. You lose your job. You become disabled in some way. You can’t function a normal way of life. That is debilitating. That is when it becomes a disorder, a true disorder.”
She says everyone has some OCD, but we don’t notice it in our friends and family until a bizarre nature is pointed out to us. There is a thin, seemingly invisible line between normal and abnormal, and those wired differently develop obsessive compulsive disorder.
“It is a handicap,” Hauenstein said. “You had your leg amputated. Does that change who you are? It changes who you physically are, but it doesn’t mean you can’t be ‘this’ or ‘that’ kind of person. You’re going to be different from those around you because of the experience. You’re not defined by that handicap, but it is a barrier for you that you have to overcome.
Round Two
When Alyssa Lomuscio was 9 years old, she noticed things were different. She was different. She lost 12 family members in a span of three years prior. One week they were tangible beings standing right in front of her; the next week she was attending a funeral for a breathless memory.
Today, as a 21-year-old student filmmaker at Temple University in Pennsylvania, the thought of death still afflicts her.
“I’ll be in a casual conversation and someone may mention something about a trash can,” Lomuscio said. “But then I start to think about someone being dead in that trash can.”
Lomuscio has death and destruction OCD. She is obsessed with making sure people are alive and no one is going to die.
“I saw a woman walking down the street that looked like my third-grade math teacher,” Lomuscio said. “In my head I was thinking, ‘She was really old. She is probably dead by now. But wait a minute, you’re talking about her death. You are the one causing her to die if she dies right now.’”
Like all OCD victims, Lomuscio performs rituals to liberate any intrusive thoughts she has. But unlike Richard, her list is extensive and ever changing.
The ritual she does most begins with touching her nose. She looks at the ceiling, continuously swallows and thinks about herself and nothing else, keeping these intrusive thoughts from harming anyone. If anything bad were to happen, she wants the pain or death to be inflicted on her rather than her loved ones.
Her rituals became more visual and humiliating for Lomuscio after starting college. She sits in the back of class so no one can sit behind her and watch her tilt her head to look up at the ceiling. People tend to think she has neck problems, not OCD – she assures them that’s the problem.
Unlike many sufferers, Lomuscio’s OCD does not debilitate her from functioning during the day. For her, the OCD takes control at night when she can’t fall asleep because she repetitively thinks about the world ending or a similar intrusive thought. She calms the OCD by keeping her mind and body busy with activities like school, fencing and filmmaking.
Lomuscio still obsesses and performs rituals daily, but she has taken her first steps toward accepting her condition through her filmmaking. It wasn’t until she made a promotional video for her film, “A Jaded Life,” that she was open about her OCD. Before her confession, she told people her brother had OCD in order to justify why she is an “expert” about the illness.
Although the film is not an exact replica of her life, it is a reflection of her constant battle with OCD. The first draft of the script originated from a poem she wrote about her challenges with the disorder.
“The whole film is about misconceptions,” Lomuscio said. “Everyone in the film misperceives what he’s doing, and for him (the film) is about him accepting who he is.”
Lomuscio knows first-hand what it feels like to be misconceived, stared at and judged. When she performs her rituals in public, she can feel people watching her. She first thought about this misconception and the idea for the film while in her high school psychology class.
“I remember watching this film about someone with OCD,” Lomuscio said. “I remember these guys who were sitting near me and making fun of the person throughout the entire film. I remember how it made me feel. It made me feel horrible. I knew at that time I eventually wanted to do something to make people see the reality and intensity of (OCD).”
Lomuscio said she hopes to raise awareness about the realities of OCD through her film. And like the main character who eventually comes to terms with himself, she sees this film as an opportunity for her to finally accept who she is, OCD and all.
Round Three
Jeff Bell is a radio newscaster in San Francisco. He is an author, a national spokesperson, a founder of a non-profit. He also battles a harm obsession called hit-and-run OCD making him a checker.
“I might be driving along and run over a pothole and my OCD might plant the seed that perhaps it was somebody I ran over and not a pothole,” Bell explained. “The compulsion would be to turn the car around and go back and check to make sure there wasn’t a body in the road.”
An empty road meant he could drive away. But maybe the body rolled to the side of the road. He would drive back to check the side of the road. An empty shoulder meant he could drive away again. But what if… But what if… And so the cycle repeats itself. This is the checker side of Bell.
“At my worst, I used to pick up rocks and twigs from the street because I was concerned they were hazards for people,” Bell said. “It was debilitating in the sense that if I thought I was strong enough to walk by and not pick up a rock, sometimes I would look back after walking a mile past it because I didn’t think I was strong enough. I would go back and pick it up.”
The physical checking of back and forth, back and forth, back and forth was exhausting. It became difficult to be a field reporter for radio with hit-and-run OCD. Eventually, he quit driving and started taking taxicabs to work.
Sure, the physical checking was life and time consuming, but it was never as debilitating as Bell’s mental checking, or rumination.
“Rumination is checking something over and over again,” Hauenstein said. “Many people do this, especially when they’ve had a disturbing experience. But it can occur to the extent that it interferes with functioning during the day. It’s getting to the point to where you feel you’ve done everything you could have done. Sometimes that doesn’t happen.”
After checking the scene of the bump numerous times, it was his mind’s turn to investigate.
“The next step would be for me to review everything in my head and try to recreate the lane change or the driving sequence in my mind,” Bell said, “and keep replaying it over and over again trying to remove the uncertainty.”
Bell started OCD treatment in his late 20s. His “cure”? A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication. More specifically, he underwent a therapy called Exposure Response Prevention (ERP). Hauenstein defined ERP as desensitization through exposure to certain situations while not being able to correct it or do a ritual.
Inevitably, ERP was successful for Bell, but something stood in his way to winning his battle. There was something missing…
He titled his memoir after the rumination phenomenon: Rewind, Replay, Repeat. The book was written not only as a medium to share his experiences with OCD, but to help others who suffer as well. It was through his outreach where he found what he needed to overcome the disease aside from therapy and medication.
“I went through a lot of years of therapy where I was paying lip service to it and not getting better,” Bell said. “What was missing from me was the motivation, and I found the motivation ultimately by reaching out to other people. I found that the more I tried to help other people with OCD, the stronger I got.”
Today, Jeff Bell is a national spokesperson for the International OCD Foundation and a founder of Adversity 2 Advocacy Alliance, a non-profit organization that networks people from all adversities, allowing them to help themselves by helping others with the same afflictions. Today, he is no longer identified as a victim of OCD but an OCD availer. Bell speaks to OCD sufferers nationwide about his experience and how he survived the disorder.
“There are no shortcuts,” Bell said. “That’s the bottom line of my journey. I’ve come to recognize what I call the ‘certainty paradox.’ The only way to effectively live with uncertainty is to embrace uncertainty.
We have to accept the discomfort of uncertainty.”
Knock Out
Josh Richard still leaves his house only twice a month, but his obsessions and compulsions no longer define him.
Behind a likely opened door to a 10 x 10 foot room, Richard sits behind his computer glove-free, typing to other sufferers who seek companionship through an OCD awareness Facebook group. When he first joined the group, the majority of sufferers used the medium as an outlet to “complain” about their battle with the life-altering disorder. Richard eventually advocated the 11,000-plus followers to stop feeling sorry for themselves and take action.
“I always tell people to believe in themselves and find their inner strength,” Richard said. “When you find that, you’ll be unbeatable. In the end of the day, you need to believe in yourself. That is the single most important thing when dealing with OCD.”
In August, Richard will be moving out on his own and returning to school for filmmaking, leaving behind a 50-foot walk and open bottles and doors.
“I used to sit there for 20 minutes opening and closing the cap on a bottle of juice,” Richard said. “ After that, I had a night where I decided I’m not doing this. That’s one thing I’m trying to tell people in this group. I came back from this horrible OCD with nothing but sheer will and determination.”
Like Lomuscio and Bell, Richard hopes to use his talents and his experience to spread awareness about the disorder and change the world in some way. Moving out on his own is his first step to freedom from OCD and a step closer to sharing his experience from behind a computer screen.
“I’m almost 24 years old,” he said. “I want to get on with my life. I’m not going to sit here and live my life in this tiny little room, inside this little bubble protecting myself from all these things that cause me to compulse or get upset. I can’t be living like this. I consider myself to be a young person with hopes and dreams and while the OCD may have delayed that, it’s not ever going to destroy it because it’s something I would never allow.”